Introduces the critical function in Supply Chain Management (SCM) known as purchasing. Covers purchasing decisions, strategies, procedures, supplier selections, and negotiations. Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to demonstrate competency in the following areas of SCM: purchasing strategies, legal aspects of purchasing, material management, just-in-time (lean) purchasing, procurement, strategic outsourcing, global sourcing, total quality management, cost and price determination, and bargaining and negotiations.
Practical skills for immediate payback in your working environment - This is what PMS - Purchasing Management Services aims to achieve with every course. As a leading provider of purchasing, stores/warehouse and stock control training for purchasing and supply chain...
Legal Aspects of Purchasing and Supply
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When you pride yourself on building solid business practices, it can be easy to assume that you are providing your customers with the very best, but part of providing the best is about ensuring ethics in purchasing and supplies. Ethical problems can come into play at any level of your supply chain and can include things like:
Human trafficking is driven by demand for more products and services at lower and lower prices. As a business owner who wants to provide ethical goods and services, sometimes this means going with sources and supplies that are offered at a higher price point, simply because they are more ethical. Regardless of your industry, becoming more aware of areas in your supply chain potentially impacted by human trafficking can help you better practice good ethics in purchasing and supplies.
Practicing ethics in purchasing management can be complicated by the complexity of locating possible issues in your supply chain. For instance, a small garment company might practice intentionally ethical practices by offering a living wage, providing high-quality goods and offering the best customer service. They purchase their fabrics from a supplier who shares similar values, but where did the fabric come from before that?
Use other businesses to inspire your change. Companies like BIRCHBOX remove funding obstacles for people making a difference in the world, while Target funds community initiatives and the AT&T Foundation funds projects that create opportunities. Your business could fund initiatives and services that help survivors of human trafficking, or even get your hands dirty by offering up volunteer hours to make a personal difference. This will help build your business a reputation for ethical supply purchasing and management and favor with consumers.
This module is intended to provide you with a sound foundation to the course by introducing the main concepts and principles that underpin Logistics and Supply Chain Management, including the important issue of sustainability. It presents the fundamental principles of contemporary logistics and supply chain management within a business context. This unit will explore the ways in which good practice in these fields can contribute to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Overarching aspects of Supply chain sustainability are explored, such as corporate responsibility and ethics. Further the Global Supply Chain Game will enable students to understand through an interactive and competitive business game the principles of building an efficient global sourcing and supply chain under conditions of uncertainty so as to achieve high levels of profit and product availability.
The Freight Transport module provides a sound foundation in road, rail, air and sea freight transport. The focus is primarily from a user perspective in order to provide a logistics and supply chain management viewpoint. However, in road freight, the module also covers more detailed fleet management and operational aspects, recognising that many organisations operate their own road transport fleets but also reflecting the importance of road freight as the primary inland freight mode in most geographies for national and urban freight traffic.
The elective builds on many of the key competencies that they have developedon the core modules in the area of supply chain strategy, purchasing strategy,finance and accounting. The elective then requires them to use those skillsand make decisions in a different mindset to focus on improving theperformance of the business in a more holistic and mindful way.
For Fabrikam, a small business, purchasing requirements vary little across the organization. Purchasing rules vary only among the organization's legal entities. For example, employees of Fabrikam Canada and employees of Fabrikam U.S. purchase goods and services from different catalogs and different vendors. Therefore, Fabrikam sets up its purchasing policies at the legal-entity level.
Fabrikam creates two purchasing policies. Policy A applies to its U.S. legal entity, 1111. Policy B applies to its Canadian legal entity, 2222. When an employee in legal entity 1111 creates a purchase requisition, the policy rules are derived from policy A. For example, the product catalog that the employee sees is specified in the catalog policy rule for policy A.
The "legally sound procurement" (LSP) protocol proposed in this article consists of a new method that incorporates legal strategies, considerations, and tools into the process of negotiating with potential suppliers and assessing their proposals. This new approach could revolutionize the procurement process, saving time, enabling a better assessment of proposals, and possibly leading to more favorable contract terms. Above all, it ensures the purchasing company will make fully informed decisions.
The lawyers must draft the model in collaboration with the procurement department and the "internal client" department that wants to purchase theproduct or service. To be most effective, the lawyers should gointo the field to understand, to the best of their ability, the internal client's requirements asdescribed in the technical documentation, or even to cooperate in drafting that documentation. Even if they do not have technical expertise, legal professionals can be helpful in drafting technical documentation becausethese documents often regulate some aspects of the relationship between the parties, and these are "contractual contents" in their own right. In these cases, the guidance of a professional with experience in contract drafting can be valuable.
Based on the information in the tables, the final step in the evaluation of the contract proposals is to issue an overall judgment, in the form of a ranking, for each proposal. This analysis will allow the negotiators to easily assess the legal aspects of the offers and compare them, together with the technical and commercial elements, against each other. However, between the previous matrix and this last assessment,a more sophisticated analysis may be needed, for example, an ad hoc comparison table for a particular clause.
Students will receive online instruction in 15 credits of core global supply chain management courses including transportation, purchasing and logistics, inventory control and warehousing, and operations management, with an additional 48 credits in the areas of business, liberal arts, accounting, computer systems, and management. The 63-credit degree program responds to current and projected employment needs in this field. The degree prepares graduates for entry-level positions in supply chain management and provides core educational offerings, combined with the job-related work experience that potential employers are seeking.
This course introduces the role of purchasing and procurement in supply chain management. Topics include building supplier relationships, sourcing, price theory, procurement, production, quality assurance, inventory, warehousing, logistics and customer relations. In addition, the course introduces standard policies and operating procedures, negotiation techniques, planning organization and the legal aspects of purchasing. The ethical conduct associated with purchasing and procurement functions is also studied.
Under the traditional approach used in many industries, product fulfillment arrangements to be supplied by a distributor, on the one hand, and received by either a middle-entity operator, like a product manufacturer, or retailer for resale, on the other hand, are papered up as a form of master supply agreement (aka, purchase agreement, distributor agreement or wholesale agreement). These agreements govern the terms of the purchase, payment, delivery, and other legal jargon of the purchase-supply relationship generally and would be later supplemented by the parties through the use of purchase orders or invoices from time to time when the purchaser requires an order of specific products. The purchase orders typically looked like a simple one-page form with a few details on the products purchased (such as product name, quantity type, price, and delivery date), and would defer to the legal terms in the master supply agreement that it corresponded with.
However, as supply and demand dictate rush orders, which need to fluctuate with pricing and product variety and other market pressures, many suppliers in the cannabis space are ditching the traditional master supply agreements and instead relying on simple, one-page invoices or purchase orders to govern their legal business relationship with retailers or products manufacturers. And some buyers even prefer it. While suppliers may save a few dollars from expenditure on legal fees on the front end, the ramifications of some of the legal pitfalls that can occur with this approach can quickly escalate into expensive dispute resolution. When using this approach, there are a few key things to keep in mind:
2. Change Orders. As common in any industry of supplying or purchasing a commodity, changes in the supply chain, demand, and availability of products can cause a need to change the types and quantities of products available. Change orders are often used to supplement or amend purchase orders to address these needs. Such change orders are typical of a similar one-page format as a purchase order, with limited to no legal terms or conditions. Suppliers and buyers alike should make sure that any change order specifically refers to the purchase order or invoice that such change order intends to modify. Another useful measure is to include language in purchase orders stating that the order can be modified or changed by mutual written agreements of the parties. This way, communication as simple as an email exchange referencing the purchase number to be modified can be an easy and practical method of addressing change orders with less risk of enforceability than the alternative. 2ff7e9595c
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